Tuesday, December 25, 2007

Diabetes Prevention Program - Pamphlet

The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a highest clinical trial, or research study, aimed at discovering whether either diet and exercise or the oral diabetes drug metformin (Glucophage) could prevent or bottleneck the onset of type 2 diabetes contained by people near impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).


The answer is yes. In reality, the DPP found that over the 3 years of the study, diet and exercise sharply reduced the chances that a personality with IGT would develop diabetes. Metformin also reduced risk, although smaller number dramatically. The DPP resolved these questions so like a shot that, on the advice of an external monitoring board, the program be halted a year hasty. The researchers published their findings in the February 7, 2002, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.


DPP Study Design and Goals


In the DPP, participants from 27 clinical centers around the country be randomly split into different treatment groups. The first group, call the lifestyle intervention group, received intensive training in diet, exercise, and behavior modification. By eating smaller quantity fat and a smaller amount calories and exercising for a total of 150 minutes a week, they aimed to lose 7 percent of their body weight and protract that loss.


The second group took 850 mg of metformin twice a day. The third group received placebo pills instead of metformin.


The metformin and placebo groups also received information on diet and exercise, but no intensive counseling pains. A fourth group was treated next to the drug troglitazone (Rezulin), but this part of the study be discontinued after researchers discovered that troglitazone can cause serious liver prejudice.


All 3,234 study participants be overweight and had IGT, which are capably recognized risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. In optional extra, 45 percent of the participants be from minority groups--African American, Hispanic American/ Latino, Asian American or Pacific Islander, or American Indian--that are at increased risk of developing diabetes.


Type 2 Diabetes and Pre-diabetes


Diabetes is a disorder that affects the way your body uses digested food for growth and perkiness. Normally, the food you eat is broken down into glucose. The glucose later passes into your bloodstream, where on earth it is used by your cells for growth and punch. For glucose to reach your cell, however, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by your pancreas, a hand-sized gland behind your stomach.


Most ethnic group with type 2 diabetes hold two problems: the pancreas may not produce enough insulin, and excess weight, muscle, and liver cells cannot use it effectively. This manner that glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and pass out of the body--without fulfilling its role as the body's main source of fuel.


About 17 million general public in the United States hold diabetes. Ninety to 95 percent of them have type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is the chief cause of kidney washout, limb amputation, and new-onset blindness in American adults. People beside diabetes are also two to four times more likely than family without diabetes to develop heart disease.


Pre-diabetes, also call impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impair fasting glucose (IFG), is a condition within which your blood glucose (blood sugar) levels are greater than normal but not large enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. Having pre-diabetes puts you at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. If you have pre-diabetes, you are also at increased risk for developing heart disease.


You are more promising to develop type 2 diabetes if


* you are overweight


* you are 45 years old or older


* you own a parent, brother, or sister with diabetes


* your kinfolk background is African American, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic American/Latino, or Pacific Islander


* you own had gestational diabetes or give birth to at least one babe-in-arms weighing more than 9 pounds


* your blood pressure is 140/90 or highly developed, or you have be told that you have dignified blood pressure


* your HDL cholesterol is 35 or lower, or your triglyceride level is 250 or higher


* you are correctly inactive, or you exercise a lesser amount of than three times a week


About 16 million people between the ages of 40 and 74 surrounded by the United States have pre-diabetes. Most of them are imagined to develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years, unless they bring steps to prevent or delay diabetes. The results of the Diabetes Prevention Program showed that modest mass loss and regular exercise can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.


DPP Results


The DPP's striking results relay us that millions of high-risk people can use diet, exercise, and behavior modification to avoid developing type 2 diabetes. The DPP also suggests that metformin is efficient in delay the onset of diabetes.


Participants surrounded by the lifestyle intervention group--those receiving intensive counseling on powerful diet, exercise, and behavior modification--reduced their risk of developing diabetes by 58 percent. This finding was true across adjectives participating ethnic groups and for both men and women. Lifestyle changes worked specifically well for participant aged 60 and older, reducing their risk by 71 percent. About 5 percent of the lifestyle intervention group developed diabetes respectively year during the study period, compared beside 11 percent in those who did not get hold of the intervention. Researchers think that weightiness loss--achieved through better eating behaviour and exercise--reduces the risk of diabetes by improving the propensity of the body to use insulin and process glucose.


Participants taking metformin reduced their risk of developing diabetes by 31 percent. Metformin was effectual for both men and women, but it was lowest effective within people aged 45 and elder. Metformin was most forceful in associates 25 to 44 years old and within those with a body mass index of 35 or complex (at least 60 pounds overweight) About 7.8 percent of the metformin group developed diabetes respectively year during the study, compared with 11 percent of the group unloading the placebo.


Future Research


Researchers will perform other analyses to try to determine the relative contribution of diet and exercise to the contraction in diabetes. The DPP be not designed to examine diet versus exercise, however, so the analyses may not provide a definitive answer. Researchers will also analyze the information from the study to try to determine how lifestyle intervention and metformin affect the development of heart and blood vessel diseases, which are more adjectives in associates with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.


The DPP did not examine whether combining lifestyle change and metformin would further reduce the risk of developing diabetes.


DPP researchers plan to verbs examining the roles of lifestyle and metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes. They will also continue to monitor participant to learn more something like the study's long-term effects. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is encouraging new research to look at cost-effective methods of deliver lifestyle modifications in group settings and over the Internet, as okay as methods to sustain behavior change and shipment loss. The National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP)--a joint project of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and more than 200 public and private organizations--will disseminate the findings and protocols stemming from the DPP.


The U.S. Government does not uphold or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing here document are used only because they are considered prerequisite in the context of the information provided. If a product is vague, this does not mean or suggest that the product is unsatisfactory.

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